PARARELISM

Similarity of structure in a pair or series of related words, phrases, or clauses.

Examples parallelism of words: She tried to make her pastry fluffy, sweet, and delicate.parallelism of phrases: Singing a song or writing a poem is joyous. parallelism of clauses: Perch are inexpensive; cod are cheap; trout are abundant; but salmon are best.

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COMPOUND-COMPLEX SENTENCE

A compound-complex sentence is made from two independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses.

Some examples:

1. Although I like to go camping, I haven't had the time to go lately, and I haven't found anyone to go with.

• independent clause: "I haven't had the time to go lately"
• independent clause: "I haven't found anyone to go with"
• dependent clause: "Although I like to go camping... "

 2. We decided that the movie was too violent, but our children, who like to watch scary movies, thought that we were wrong.

• independent clause: "We decided that the movie was too violent"
• independent clause: "(but) our children thought that we were wrong"
• dependent clause: who like to watch scary movies  

Compound-complex sentences are very common in English, but one mistake that students often make is to try to write them without having mastered the simple sentences, compound sentences, and complex sentences first.

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Writing practice : Persuasive Essay

Summer: 15 Days or 2 1/2 Months?

The final bell rings. It’s the last day of school, and summer has finally come! Students don’t have to think about school for at least another 2 1/2 months. That is the way it should always be. Schools should continue using the traditional calendar and not a year-round schedule. There are numerous downsides to year-round schooling. It has no positive effects on education, it adds to costs, and it disrupts the long-awaited summer vacation.

Contrary to the well-accepted belief, year-round schooling has no constructive impact on education. Most year-round schedules use the 45-15 method: 45 days of school followed by 15 days off. Because of this, there are many first and last days of school. All those transitions disrupt the learning process. Also, there is no evidence of higher test scores. Due to that, many schools that change to year-round schedules end up switching back. For example, since 1980, 95 percent of schools that tried the year-round schedule changed back to a traditional calendar. It is obvious that changing to year-round schooling does not help students; therefore, why is the change necessary?

Like any other facility, keeping a school open requires a great deal of money. When a school changes to a year-round schedule, the costs skyrocket. Keeping school open in the middle of summer requires air conditioning, and that adds significantly to the school’s expenses. The usual utility bills grow because of the additional open-school time. Finally, teachers must be paid for all the weeks they are working. With all these factors, the cost of keeping schools open becomes immensely high. For example, a high school in Arizona had a cost increase of $157,000 when they switched to year-round schooling. Some schools may not be able to handle such increases, and other schools that can handle these expenses could be doing better things with the money. Is year-round school really where the money should go?

An important part of a child’s life is summertime. With year-round schedules, students would hardly have any time to relax. During the 15-day breaks, they would be thinking about their quick return to school. It would also be difficult to coordinate family vacations with parents’ work schedules. Similarly, children would not be able to go to most summer camps. One expert, Dr. Peter Scales, says, “The biggest plus of camp is that camps help young people discover and explore their talents, interests, and values. Most schools don’t satisfy all these needs. Kids who have these kinds of [camp] experiences end up being healthier and have fewer problems.” Obviously, the summer is crucial to a child’s learning and development. Why should this invaluable part of a young person’s life be taken away?

It is evident that year-round schooling is not the best option for the school calendar. There is absolutely nothing wrong with the traditional school year. Why change something that works so well? The final bell rings. Let’s make sure this bell means that the “real” summer vacation has come.

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COMPLEX SENTENCE

A complex sentence has one independent clause and at least one dependent clause.

Below are examples of complex sentences. In each example, the independent clause is shaded. The dependent clause is unshaded.

• Stay in the bath until the phone rings.
• The car swerved to miss Mrs Jackson, who had slipped off the pavement.
• Both the cockroach and the bird would get along very well without us, although the cockroach would miss us most. (Joseph Wood Krutch, 1893-1970)
• Leave while you can.
• When a distinguished but elderly scientist states that something is possible, he is almost certainly right. When he states that something is impossible, he is very probably wrong.

After I came home, I made dinner.

(dependent clause: "After I came home")

(indpendent clause: I made dinner)

We visited the museum before it closed.

(dependent clause: before it closed.)

(independent clause: We visited the museum)

Complex sentences are often formed by putting these words at the beginning of the dependent clause: as, as if, before, after, because, though, even though, while, when, whenever, if, during, as soon as, as long as, since, until, unless, where, and wherever. These words are called subordinating conjunctions.

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Writing practice : interpreting ideas

John      : Hi Sabo! How are you?

Sabo      : Hi John! Good! thanks

John      : Tomorrow is Katniss Birthday, and  she wants celebrate her birthday.

Sabo      : Oh I know that.

John      : Will you go to her party, or you had another plan?

Sabo      : Of course! I will go to the party. How about Jones?

John      : Jones said he had a concert, but he will come although late.

Sabo      : Jones had a concert? He said he didn’t like music, yet he had a concert. Long time no see Jones, I think he is different now

John      : Many changes with Jones, for he is not weird anymore.

Sabo      : That’s a good news

John      : Jones had a surprises for katniss, this is very secret, so please don’t tell anyone about this

Sabo      : Are you not joking John? Jones turned to romantic? That was so unbelievable

John      : Of course Sabo! Im not joking.

Sabo      : Okay John, I have to go home now. See you tomorrow John!

John      : Okay, see ya

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COMPOUND SENTENCE

Compound sentence contains two independent clauses joined by a coordinator. The coordinators are as follows: for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so. (Helpful hint: The first letter of each of the coordinators spells FANBOYS.)

Example:

• She did not cheat on the test, for it was not the right thing to do.
• I think I will buy the red car, or I will lease the blue one.
• I really want to go to work, but I am too sick to drive.
• I am counting my calories, yet I really want dessert.
• He ran out of money, so he had to stop playing poker.

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THE DEFINITION OF CLAUSE AND THE EXAMPLE

Definition Of Clause

Clause is a group of the words which consist a subject and predicate. Clause is divided into independent clause and dependent clause.

A. Adjective Clause

         Adjective Clause is a clause which has a function as an adjective. It can call as a Relative Clause.

      -The Use Of Adjective Clause

        1. As a substitute of Subject (Who, Which, That)

            Person => Who/that+aux/verb (who changes a subject)

                       e.g: I met the girl. He always take a picture

                              = I met the man who always take a picture

                                 I met the man that always take a picture

             Thing => Which+aux/verb (Which changes a subject: It, they)

                       e.g: He has a small car. It is on prking area

                              = He has a small which is on parking area

                                 He has a small car that is on parking area

          2. As a substitute of Object

              Person => Whom+Subject (Whom changes an object)

                         e.g: The girl is polte. Mrs.Don is happy with her.

                               = The girl whom Mrs.Don is happy with is polite.

              Thing => Which+subject (Which changes an object)

                        e.g: The food is delicious. I am interested in it.

                              = The food which I am interested in is delicious.

           3. As the Possession (Whose)

               Whose+noun (whose changes a possessive adjective)

                e.g: The man is very crazy. His name is Joe

                     = The man whose name is Joe is very crazy

           4. As the substitute of Place

               Where+subject (where changes place)

               e.g: The house was comfortable. I spent my time there.

                     = The house where I spent my time was comfortable.

           5. As the substitute of Time

               When+subject (when changes time/day/month/year, etc)

               e.g: May is the month. Juki meets Dian on that month.

                    = -May is the month when Juki meets Dian

                       -May is the month on which Juki meets Dian

B. Noun Clause 

       Noun clause is a clause which acts as the subject or object of a sentence. Noun clause can't stand alone as a sentence. In other words, a noun clause is used in the same ways a noun.

C. Adverbial Clause

     The following are examples of adverb clauses arranged according to the meaning of the subordinate conjuction.

      1. Time: when, while, since, after, before, until, as,.

           e.g: She still cooking while he go out to take newspaper.

      2. Place: where, wherever

           e.g:He always come where he meet her wife.

      3. Manner: as, as if

           e.g: She does her cooking class as if she is free.

      4. Comparison: as, than.

           e.g: Murbi is as handsome as Justin Bieber is.

      5. Reason, cause, purpose: as, because, so that, in other that, since.

           e.g: he can't send the message because he doesn't have Hand Phone

      6. Result: so.....that, such.....that/such that.

           e.g: That was such a special experience that I do in mountain.
      7. Condition: if, whether, unless, provided(that), as/as long as, supposing

           e.g: He will propose the girl as long as his parent give permission.

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THE EXAMPLE OF DESCRIPTIVE TEXT

MY EVERYTHING

That is my laptop, every day I bring my laptop in bag when I go to campus. I think this is my special gadget because it can for playing game, doing task, watching movie or surfing on the internet.

For me, laptop is my friends if I sad, happy or angry. I love my laptop, because my parent gave it to me to celebrate my graduation in senior high school.

When I feeling sad, I playing game with it. Usually, I playing simulator game or action game such as Eurotruck Simulator 2 and Sniper Ghost Warrior 3, I love them very much. But, if I have hove homework I use my laptop for writing the task in word, ppt, or pdf. Basically my laptop is my everything.

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